The latest developments in carotid artery stenosis gained significant attention with recent medical advancements in 2024–2025. Carotid artery disease, caused by the narrowing or blockage of the arteries that supply blood to the brain, greatly increases the risk of stroke. In this article, you’ll find a comprehensive overview of the latest innovations in diagnosis and treatment.
🧠 1. Advances in Surgical Treatment
Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) and Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS)
Both carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) are proven methods for treating carotid artery stenosis. Recent data shows that CEA generally yields better outcomes compared to CAS, although stenting can also be highly successful when performed by experienced specialists.
Studies indicate that for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, the 30-day stroke or death rate is below 2%.
🔗Source: pace-cme.org
Transcarotid Artery Revascularization (TCAR)
TCAR is a hybrid procedure targeting the carotid artery directly while significantly reducing the risk of embolism to the brain.
A major comparative study published in JAMA Network Open in April 2025 reported that TCAR reduced stroke risk by 40–70%.
🔗 Source: PubMed / interhospi.com
💊 2. Innovations in Medical Therapy
PCSK9 Inhibitors: Evolocumab
Evolocumab is a promising new drug that has shown significant improvements in carotid plaque composition.
The SLICE‑CEA CardioLink‑8 trial, presented at the 2024 ESC Congress, demonstrated a reduction in lipid core volume in patients treated with Evolocumab.
🔗 Source: ESC Congress Highlights
Colchicine and Inflammation Control
Anti-inflammatory medications like colchicine have potential to reduce plaque inflammation in carotid disease. However, the CONVINCE trial did not show statistically significant results.
🔗 Source: The Lancet, 2024
🖥️ 3. Advances in Imaging and Diagnostics
High-Resolution Vascular Imaging
Advanced MRI and CT angiography technologies now allow for detailed assessment of plaque morphology, hemorrhage presence, and fibrous cap status—enabling more personalized treatment decisions.
AI-Assisted Portable Ultrasound
A 2024 study from China demonstrated that AI-powered portable ultrasound devices enabled general practitioners to achieve expert-level accuracy. These tools reduced diagnostic time and increased detection rates.
🔗 Source: Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
🤖 4. Artificial Intelligence and Digital Health
AI algorithms can analyze ultrasound images and detect plaque presence with up to 89% accuracy.
In addition, telemedicine tools now assist with blood pressure monitoring, medication reminders, and overall risk management—enhancing home-based care for patients with carotid artery stenosis.
🥗 5. Lifestyle and Preventive Strategies
Preventive lifestyle measures remain a cornerstone of stroke prevention in patients with carotid artery disease. These include:
- Blood pressure:< 140/90 mmHg
- LDL cholesterol: < 70 mg/dL
- Smoking cessation
- Mediterranean-style diet
- At least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week
Patients who meet these goals show reduced plaque progression and lower stroke risk.
📌 Conclusion
In 2024–2025, significant progress has been made in the treatment and management of carotid artery stenosis. These include:
- Innovative surgical approaches such as TCAR
- New lipid-lowering medications like Evolocumab
- AI-assisted diagnostic tools
- Advanced vascular imaging techniques
Together, these advancements support more personalized, effective,
and safer treatment strategies—ultimately lowering the risk of stroke and improving patient outcomes.
